From the Milken Institute’s 2024 Global Conference to the Artic Circle

Published 03/14/2025 in Scholar Travel Stipend

Written by Marisol León | 03/14/2025

This past winter, I had the extraordinary opportunity to visit Finland, a trip that deepened my understanding of climate change, indigenous knowledge, and Arctic ecosystems. My journey was inspired by discussions at the Milken Institute’s 2024 Global Conference, where experts emphasized the Arctic as ground zero for climate change.

Arctic glaciers are melting at an unprecedented rate, threatening ecosystems and traditional livelihoods while accelerating the rise of global sea levels. I was eager to see these changes firsthand and explore the sustainable solutions Finland is developing, since it is a country with a strong commitment to environmental protection and Arctic cooperation.

From the moment I arrived in Finland, I was struck by the beauty of its landscapes characterized by vast expanses of snow-covered forests, frozen lakes, and icy tundra. One of the most memorable experiences of my trip was hiking to Mammoth Falls, a breathtaking frozen waterfall nestled within Finland’s Arctic wilderness. The journey to the falls was both exhilarating and sobering. As I trekked through the snow-covered terrain, my guide pointed out areas where ice had receded dramatically over the past decade, a stark reminder of the rapid changes reshaping the Arctic landscape. Despite its beauty, the melting permafrost and shrinking ice fields reinforced the urgency of mitigating climate change. These environmental transformations are not just abstract concerns—they have tangible consequences for communities, ecosystems, and economies.

Beyond observing the impact of climate change on Finland’s changing environment, prior to my trip I was particularly interested in learning about the indigenous Sami people and their resilience in the face of these transformations. The Sami have inhabited the Arctic region for thousands of years, relying on reindeer herding as a central pillar of their culture and economy. Their way of life is deeply intertwined with nature, and they possess extensive ecological knowledge passed down through generations. During my visit, I had the privilege of meeting a local reindeer herder who shared insights into the challenges posed by shifting climate patterns. Warmer winters have led to unpredictable snow conditions—conditions that make it harder for reindeer to access lichen, which is their primary winter food source. The herder I spoke with expressed concerns about the long-term viability of reindeer herding as a livelihood, as climate unpredictability continues to disrupt traditional practices. This conversation underscored a crucial point: indigenous communities are on the front lines of climate change. Their knowledge and adaptation strategies hold invaluable lessons for the broader world.

A highlight of learning about the Sami was also being able to see lavvus, traditional tent-like structures used as portable shelters. Unlike permanent buildings, lavvus are designed to be easily dismantled and transported, reflecting a sustainable and nomadic way of life. My trip to Finland definitely reinforced my belief that indigenous wisdom must play a crucial role in shaping global climate policies. Their deep connection to the environment offers a perspective that is often not only missing from mainstream discussions on sustainability, but also from the highest level policymaking discussions.

Another unforgettable moment of my trip was witnessing the northern lights. On a crisp Arctic night, I stood beneath the vast Finnish sky as swirling green and violet lights danced above me. The aurora borealis was a powerful reminder of the planet’s natural wonders. Yet, I couldn’t help but reflect on the fragility of this environment. Scientists have warned that increasing temperatures could disrupt Arctic weather patterns, potentially altering the conditions necessary to see the northern lights.

Prior to my trip I knew Finland had established itself as a leader in sustainable development through comprehensive policies, international collaboration, and innovative initiatives. However, during my visit I learned that one of the country’s most promising advancements is its investment in renewable energy. Just a month after my trip, P2X Solutions, a Finnish company, started commercial production of green hydrogen at its new facility in Harjavalta, Western Finland. This marks Finland’s first large-scale green hydrogen production plant. Hydrogen is a promising alternative to fossil fuels, which are the primary drivers of climate change and pollution. Green hydrogen, in particular, is produced using renewable energy, making it a crucial element in the transition toward a carbon-neutral economy. P2X Solutions is therefore a significant step toward reducing Finland’s reliance on polluting energy sources while positioning the country as a hydrogen leader in Europe. Moreover, this initiative aligns with the European Union’s climate and energy security goals, demonstrating how national efforts can contribute to broader regional and global objectives.

Beyond green hydrogen, Finland is also investing heavily in sustainable forestry. Finland’s forests cover approximately 75% of its land area, making it one of the most forested countries in Europe. The country is recognized for its sustainable forestry practices, with strict regulations ensuring that forest regeneration matches or exceeds logging rates. These efforts highlight Finland’s holistic approach to sustainability—one that balances economic growth with environmental responsibility.

As I reflect on my time in Finland, I am more convinced than ever that urgent action is needed to combat climate change. From the disappearing ice fields of Mammoth Falls to the adaptation strategies of the Sami people, every experience reinforced the interconnectedness of our global climate system. The changes occurring in the Arctic are not isolated; they have ripple effects across the planet. Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and shifts in biodiversity all stem from the rapid warming of this fragile region.

Finland’s leadership in sustainable development offers valuable lessons for the world. The country has demonstrated that ambitious climate policies, coupled with technological innovation and respect for indigenous knowledge, can create a more resilient future. Governments, businesses, and individuals all have a role to play in reducing emissions, protecting vulnerable communities, and investing in sustainable solutions. Personally, this journey has strengthened my resolve to advocate for a more sustainable and equitable future for our planet. It has reinforced the importance of amplifying indigenous voices, supporting climate policies rooted in science, and embracing innovative solutions that drive systemic change.